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In recent years, the textile industry has created a large number of job opportunities in Southeast Asia and South Asian countries. South Asian countries with large populations and low wages hope that the demographic dividend can lead the country to economic prosperity. The World Bank estimates that South Asia will add 1.2 million a month in the next 20 years. The number of workers will add 240 million people in 20 years, but the automation technology developed in the world will have a huge impact.
According to the Financial Times, SoftWearAutomation in Atlanta, USA, is developing the textile robot Sewbot, which can completely automate the entire garment manufacturing process, but it will take some time to achieve low prices and reliability to replace humans. A textile worker in India earns $1,200 a year, but now a Sewbot costs hundreds of thousands of dollars, but replacing humans is only a matter of time, when it will undermine the economic development model of emerging countries.
South Asia, Southeast Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa, which have a demographic dividend as the basis for economic growth, are under greater threat. Indian economists believe that the destructiveness of robots and artificial intelligence is more influential than the past steam, electronics, assembly plant or computer revolution, because artificial intelligence replaces not only routine work, but also the demographic dividend is about to become a population nightmare.
After 1980, the growth of manufacturing work was very slow, and even some industries still fell. From 2003 to 2009, employment growth in South Asia was only one-third of the overall economic growth level. The main reason was the rapid progress of science and technology, which led to a large number of industries. unemployment.
Indian IT service companies that have prospered in the past 30 years are also beginning to be affected by automated cloud computing systems. Infosys and TataConsultancyServices have started layoffs this year, introducing 400 robots at the Hyundai Motor Plant in Chennai, India, to replace a lot of manpower. The Indian technology industry, which is reluctant to be named, also said that the unemployment situation in the Indian technology industry will be more serious. His company has estimated that the introduction of artificial intelligence can replace half of the employees.
The textile industry bears the brunt, especially in Bangladesh, which is highly dependent on the clothing industry. 82% of the total exports are clothes and 2.5% of the population is engaged in garment production. Including Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, 27 million people are employed in the textile industry.
At present, Chinese factory laborers earn five times more money than Indian laborers, close to the standards of Portugal and South Africa. Another reason is that making a T-shirt is almost exactly the same as when the 19th century automatic textile machine was invented, because it is difficult for robots to pick up soft and irregular cotton and move it accurately. Manual sewing is made up of many tiny processes and decisions. Therefore, it is difficult to be copied by software.
The four steps of sewing, picking up items, aligning, sewing and handling, only the sewing has been automated, and the rest is still done by humans. But the Atlanta company developed the sewing robot Sewbot. In order to solve the problem of fine materials, they gave the robot camera the same function as the eyes, just like engineers developed autonomous vehicles.
The camera takes the stitched material for analysis and then guides the robot arm movement, and Wal-Mart invests $2 million as part of the automated jeans production program. Sewbot successfully completed the sewing of jeans in September this year, plans to expand to T-shirts next year, and now 97% of T-shirts are produced outside the United States.
Why do these large retailers have a lot of cheap labor and need robots? The reason is speed. Now we need to produce 100,000 pieces of clothes at a time. We must place an order in China before September-December. If the retailer wants to be closer to the market, it can place 10,000 orders and deliver it within one month. First sent to the market to test the water temperature. Amazon submitted a patent in April on the production of garment manufacturing automation technology on demand.
But how do emerging countries that rely on the labor economy respond? The Indian Finance Minister believes that there is still time. It may take 10 or even 20 years for textile robots to completely replace labor. He believes that well-trained, well-organized free trade agreements and labor markets before robots become smart and cheap to replace humans. Reform can increase job opportunities in manufacturing.
Others believe that emerging countries should focus on the development of services, such as tourism, transportation, and finance, to compensate for the loss of manufacturing supply. But if the country misses the opportunity, the social impact of automation will be huge. The PahleIndiaFoundation, a non-profit organization in New Delhi, India, believes that all educated young people may be unemployed because of automation, which is the nightmare of India.