Textile Material Introduction: Conductive Fiber

Conductive fiber

nature:

Usually refers to fibers in the standard state (20°C, 65% relative humidity) and specific resistance of 107 Ω·cm or less.

classification:

(1) Conductive fiber of metal compound type, with a resistivity of 102 to 104 Ω·cm. It is mainly produced by blending high-concentration conductive particles into fiber by a composite spinning method, carbon black for black conductive particles, and metal oxide for white metals. For example, titanium dioxide containing a small amount of tin oxide coated with titanium dioxide on the surface, the fiber is relatively light, flexible, washable and easy processing; can also be post-processing chemical fixation of copper or metal plating.

(2) Metal-based conductive fibers. Such fibers are made using the conductive properties of the metal. The main method is a direct drawing method, that is, the metal wire is repeatedly stretched through the mold to make a fiber having a diameter of 4 to 16 μm.

(3) Carbon black-based conductive fibers utilize conductive properties of carbon black to produce conductive fibers, which is a relatively old and common method.

This method can be divided into the following three categories:

1 doping method; carbon black and fiber-forming substances are mixed and spun, carbon black forms a continuous phase structure in the fiber, giving the fiber conductive properties. This method generally uses a skin-core composite spinning method, which does not affect the original physical properties of the fiber, but also makes the fiber conductive.

2 coating method; coating method is coated with carbon black on the surface of ordinary fibers. The coating method can use adhesives to bond carbon black to the fiber surface, or to quickly soften the fiber surface and bond it to carbon black. The disadvantage of this method is that carbon black is easy to fall off, and the hand feel is also not good. Carbon black is not easily distributed on the surface of the fiber.

3 fiber carbonization treatment; some fibers, such as polyacrylonitrile fiber, cellulose fiber, pitch fiber, etc., after carbonization treatment, the main chain of the fiber is mainly carbon atoms, so that the fiber has the ability to conduct electricity. More methods are used, and low-temperature carbonization of acrylic fibers is also used.

(4) Conductive polymer fiber-based polymer materials are generally considered as insulators, but the successful development of polyacetylene conductive materials in the 1970s has broken this traditional concept. Since then, poly-aniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and other polymer conductive materials have been born one after another. The research on the conductive properties of polymer materials has become more and more widespread.

There are two main methods for preparing conductive fibers using conductive polymers: (1) Direct spinning of conductive polymers (2) Post-treatment.